Abstract

Realism, a longstanding and highly influential theory in the study of International Relations (IRs) and foreign policy formulation, provides a robust framework for explaining, predicting, and addressing various global issues. Given its significance, examining Realism’s perspective on small states has become increasingly essential, especially as these states grow in number and influence within the international system. This research engages with the core tenets of Realist thought to elucidate its views on small states. Key aspects under consideration include the role of these states as IR actors, their power, their structural position within the international system, the impact of an anarchic global environment on them, and the security policies they adopt. Additionally, the analysis explores Realism’s theoretical and practical limitations in understanding small states and the influence of international institutions on their behavior. Building on this theoretical foundation, the study provides a critical assessment of how Realism conceptualizes small states while highlighting the shortcomings in explaining their behaviors and agency as distinct actors in global affairs.